博客
关于我
强烈建议你试试无所不能的chatGPT,快点击我
Android中自定义属性(attrs.xml,TypedArray的使用)
阅读量:6340 次
发布时间:2019-06-22

本文共 6456 字,大约阅读时间需要 21 分钟。

做Android布局是件很享受的事,这得益于他良好的xml方式。使用xml可以快速有效的为软件定义界面。可是有时候我们总感觉官方定义的一些基本组件不够用,自定义组件就不可避免了。那么如何才能做到像官方提供的那些组件一样用xml来定义他的属性呢?现在我们就来讨论一下他的用法。

1、添加文件attrs.xml,位于res\values目录下:

1 
2
3
4
5
6
7

2、创建自定义控件:

1 package com.szy.custom;  2   3 import com.szy.custom.R;  4   5 import android.content.Context;  6 import android.content.res.TypedArray;  7 import android.graphics.Canvas;  8 import android.graphics.Color;  9 import android.graphics.Paint; 10 import android.graphics.Rect; 11 import android.graphics.Paint.Style; 12 import android.util.AttributeSet; 13 import android.view.View; 14  15 public class MyView extends View { 16     private Paint myPaint; 17     private static final String myString = "Hello CustomView!"; 18  19     public MyView(Context context) { 20         super(context); 21         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub 22      } 23      24     public MyView(Context context, AttributeSet attr) { 25         super(context, attr); 26          myPaint = new Paint(); 27          TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attr, R.styleable.myView);//TypedArray是一个数组容器 28         float textSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.myView_textSize, 30);//防止在XML文件里没有定义,就加上了默认值30 29         int textColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.myView_textColor, 0xFFFFFFFF);//同上,这里的属性是:名字_属性名 30          myPaint.setTextSize(textSize); 31          myPaint.setColor(textColor); 32          a.recycle();//我的理解是:返回以前取回的属性,供以后使用。以前取回的可能就是textSize和textColor初始化的那段 33      } 34     @Override 35     protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { 36         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 37         super.onDraw(canvas); 38         //myPaint = new Paint(); 39          myPaint.setColor(Color.RED); 40          myPaint.setStyle(Style.FILL); 41          42          canvas.drawRect(new Rect(10,10,100,100), myPaint); 43          myPaint.setColor(Color.WHITE); 44          canvas.drawText(myString, 10, 100, myPaint); 45      } 46 }

3、在Activity布局文件中使用自定义控件:

1 
2
http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 3 xmlns:test="
http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.szy.custom" 4 android:orientation="vertical" 5 android:layout_width="fill_parent" 6 android:layout_height="fill_parent" 7 > 8
13
19

 

附:Android中自定义属性的格式详解

1. reference:参考某一资源ID。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
             <ImageView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"
                     />
2. color:颜色值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <TextView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:textColor = "#00FF00"
                     />
3. boolean:布尔值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <Button
                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"
                    android:focusable = "true"
                    />
4. dimension:尺寸值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <Button
                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"
                    />
5. float:浮点值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">
                   <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <alpha
                   android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
                   android:toAlpha = "0.7"
                   />
6. integer:整型值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">
                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <animated-rotate
                   xmlns:android = "" 
                   android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID" 
                   android:pivotX = "50%" 
                   android:pivotY = "50%" 
                   android:framesCount = "12" 
                   android:frameDuration = "100"
                   />
7. string:字符串。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "MapView">
                   <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <com.google.android.maps.MapView
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"
                    />
8. fraction:百分数。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <rotate  xmlns:android = ""
               android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"
                 android:fromDegrees = "0"
               android:toDegrees = "360"
                 android:pivotX = "200%"
                 android:pivotY = "300%"
               android:duration = "5000"
                 android:repeatMode = "restart"
                 android:repeatCount = "infinite"
                   />
9. enum:枚举值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name="名称">
                   <attr name="orientation">
                          <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
                          <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
                   </attr>           
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <LinearLayout
                    xmlns:android = ""
                    android:orientation = "vertical"
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    >
            </LinearLayout>
10. flag:位或运算。
     (1)属性定义:
             <declare-styleable name="名称">
                    <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
                            <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
                            <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
                            <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
                            <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
                            <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
                            <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
                            <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
                            <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
                     </attr>        
             </declare-styleable>
     (2)属性使用:
            <activity
                   android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
                   android:label = "@string/app_name"
                   android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
                   <intent-filter>
                          <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                          <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                   </intent-filter>

             </activity>

     注意:
     属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
             <ImageView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"
                     />

转载地址:http://vnhoa.baihongyu.com/

你可能感兴趣的文章
创建符合标准的、有语意的HTML页面——ASP.NET 2.0 CSS Friendly Control Adapters 1.0发布...
查看>>
Adobe驳斥Flash过度耗电论 称HTML5更耗电
查看>>
No!No!No! It's not fashion!
查看>>
艰困之道中学到的经验教训
查看>>
互联网生态建设落地五大挑战——保险科技生态建设 ...
查看>>
进行短视频app开发工作时,可以加入它来保护青少年 ...
查看>>
25G DAC无源高速线缆和25G光模块之间的区别
查看>>
乐乐茶完成近2亿元Pre-A轮融资,祥峰投资领投
查看>>
clickhouse修改时区
查看>>
CSS_定位
查看>>
第二十四章:页面导航(六)
查看>>
百度、长沙加码自动驾驶,湖南阿波罗智行科技公司成立 ...
查看>>
10 个 Linux 中方便的 Bash 别名
查看>>
全新 DOCKER PALS 计划上线,带给您不一样的参会体验! ...
查看>>
Android开发之自定义View(二)
查看>>
python爬虫之微打赏(scrapy版)
查看>>
自制操作系统Antz day08——实现内核 (中) 扩展内核
查看>>
poj-1056-IMMEDIATE DECODABILITY(字典)
查看>>
区块链应用 | 不知道什么时候起,满世界都在谈区块链的事情
查看>>
小程序爆红 专家:对简单APP是巨大打击
查看>>